INITIATING AND RECEPTIVE FACTORS OF TOURIST MOVEMENTS IN THE ROLE OF TOURIST PRACTICE IN A GIVEN SOCIAL CONTEXT

Abstract

Tourism in the modern world is characterized by dynamism and mass development. This mass also refers to the international tourist movements and the development of tourism in individual countries and regions. Rapid industrialization and urbanization are increasingly leading to pollution of natural environment and increasing psychophysical fatigue among people living and working in these highly dehumanized areas. The working man more and more needs to change the environment in spaces that are still clean and unpolluted in order to meet recreational needs. On the other hand, there are more trips to meet certain cultural and educational needs.

All this has led to the creation of a special kind of movements - tourist movements and concentration of people in certain areas and at certain times as tourists. Their number is constantly growing. Thus, while in 1965 there were 113 million tourists in the world, of which the countries in which tourists stayed earned USD 11.8 billion, in 2004 that number increased to 763 million tourists, and the foreign exchange inflow increased to USD 623 billion. In 2019, a record 1.5 billion tourist arrivals were recorded and international tourism receipts grew to USD 14,878 billion. This year is taken as the limit for further tourist boom, until the Covid-19 pandemic. Mass development of tourism also occurs as a consequence of a series of significant economic and social changes such as: increase in earnings, increase in free time, use of vacation pay, health insurance, gaining the right to a pension for a growing number of people and so forth. Influenced by all these factors, tourism needs today have grown from the category of luxury (as they were in the past), to the category of existential and from subjective to objective needs. Formerly individual, they have nowadays acquired the significance of widely recognized social needs. Tourism is no longer a time-limited or occasional phenomenon. It is a consequence and part of the way and conditions of life of modern man. Hence, in its development, laws appear as they exist in the social progress itself. The purpose of this paper is to give a clear overview of the factors that influence the improvement of the direction of tourist flows. They enable increase of the volume of tourist turnover and tourist consumption, and contribute to the formation of new types of tourist movements. This domain includes: initiating factors, receptive factors and mediating factors. Regarding the methodological framework, the content analysis method, synthesis method, generalization and specification method, as well as comparison method will be included. The main idea is to ask research questions on the basis of which theoretical guidelines will be set for future relevant research in this field, especially through the analysis of certain specifics of the areas for tourism development. The main recommendations that will emerge from the paper refer to highlighting the specifics of quality promotion in different geographical areas, which, based on existing tourism resources, have the potential to grow into very attractive tourist areas.