FORKLIFT TRUCK AS A TRANSPORT-MANIPULATIVE MEANS WITH A PRACTICAL EXAMPLE OF CALCULATING THE TIME OF LOADING VEHICLES

Abstract

Material handling is very important for warehousing operations (moving goods to / from the warehouse) and for moving goods to different locations within the warehouse itself. The very term "material handling" is somewhat difficult to define. Some believe that material handling only applies to equipment used to move goods in a warehouse, such as forklifts or conveyors. Others literally mean "manual" handling of goods. In fact, advanced mechanical equipment, manual work, or a combination thereof can perform material handling operations. Simply put, the handling of materials (goods) is the efficient movement of goods, which usually takes place within the facility (factory, warehouse) and between the facility and the transport agencies. In a modern logistics system, specially designed equipment performs relocations, and for these reasons, material handling has often been equated with equipment. However, manual handling is also material handling. The key factor is efficiency, whether the relocation is mechanized, manual or both mechanized and manual at the same time. The paper emphasizes forklifts as a means of transport manipulation. Forklifts are crane-transport means of internal transport and are intended for transport within factory halls and warehouses, as well as transport over short distances within the company. They are used to transport larger pieces of cargo, smaller pieces of cargo on pallets and bulk cargo in crates or baskets. By using additional devices instead of forks, it is possible to manipulate various loads (transport of pipes, carpets, rolls, barrels) or perform actions that are not directly related to transportation. These machines are used for transfer and lifting, they are intended for manipulation of bulky goods. The construction of the forklift consists of a diesel-powered or electrically driven motor cart. There are two vertical axles on the cart, along which the consoles that accept the load slide. Vertical axles can change the tilt and you forward 30 to 40 (when loading) and back 10o to 12o (when transferring cargo). The load capacity of forklifts is from 10 kN to 50 kN, while the industry also uses forklifts with a load capacity of over 80 kN. The lifting height is up to 12.6 m. Speed is from 6 to 30 km / h. The advantages and disadvantages of forklifts in relation to other means of transport and handling are also shown. At the end of the paper, a practical example is given for calculating the expected loading time of a vehicle arriving at the transshipment front of the rack warehouse, shown in the situation plan in the picture in the paper, if loading is done with a forklift and pallets are seized with equal probability from each position. The calculation was done with input data for the forklift, warehouse and vehicle