MODELS FOR ANALYSIS OF THE IMPORT OF GOODS BASED ON ACCOUNTING INFORMATION

Abstract

Accounting information has an extremely important role in carrying out the analysis of the import
activities of the enterprises in the contemporary global business environment. This analysis is a key prerequisite for
effective management of import transactions and needs to be provided with detailed information through a rationally
organized system for analytical accounting.
This scientific paper examines approaches for effective use of accounting information for the purposes of detailed
analysis and overall management of the import activities of the enterprises engaged in international trade. It explores
the problems of providing accounting information for detailed analysis of the import transactions. Specific models
for improving the methodology and organization of analysis of import of goods based on accounting information are
proposed. A special attention is paid to approaches for analyzing the final profit from transactions for supply of
goods from abroad and their sales on domestic market in the country. They provide the opportunity for precise
assessment of the profit from each import transaction, taking into account the influence of changes in exchange rates
during its implementation.
The research of the problems in the scientific paper is based on the use of the systematic approach. In accordance
with it, the detailed analysis of the import activities is considered as a composite element of the overall analysis
system of the enterprise engaged in foreign trade. The methodology of research also involves the methods of
comparison, analogy, induction and deduction, factor modelling method, method of detailing, etc.
Every enterprise engaged in import activities strives to minimize the costs for the supply of the goods from abroad.
For this reason, one of the priority aspects of the analytical studies of the import activities is the analysis of the costs
for import and the factors that influence them.
The forecast calculations for the profit from the import transactions are performed before the decisions are made for
their realization. In the process of analysis, the predicted data is compared with the actual reported data for the
import operations. The same approach can be applied in the analysis based on accounting information for import
activities relating to two different reporting periods.
The profit from the sales of imported goods on the Bulgarian market is a significant criterion for assessing the
import activities. Therefore, the detailed analysis of this indicator is particularly important for Bulgarian enterprises
engaged in international trade. An essential prerequisite for achieving the effectiveness of analytical work is the
proper determination of the direct factors affecting profit and the dependence between them.
When analyzing the final profit of transactions for supply of goods from abroad and their sales on domestic market
in the country, the differences due to exchange rate fluctuation during the import must undoubtedly be taken into
account.
Foreign exchange gains and losses have an enormous influence on the financial results of enterprises carrying out
foreign trade operations, on the value of a number of significant indicators for business analysis. All this makes the
problems related to accounting the effects of exchange rates fluctuation during import transactions extremely
important and topical.