EFFECT OF INORGANIC CHLORIDE SALTS ON WHEAT SEEDS GERMINATION
Keywords:
chloride salts, wheat, seeds, germination, toxicityAbstract
Examination of effect of five inorganic chlorine salts (NaCL, KCL, CaCL2, CuCL2.2H2O and FeCL3.6H2O) on wheat seeds from three different wheat cultivars (“Enola C1”, “Tcarevetz” and “Aleksa”), was conducted in the in vitro conditions. Chloride (Cl) is one of the 17 essential nutrients required for plant growth and development. Chloride plays a major role in plant function, including photosynthesis, enzyme activation, nutrient transport, water movement in cells, stomata activity, accelerated plant development, reduced lodging, and improved disease suppression and tolerance. However some studies reveal the toxic action of chloride salts towards different terrestrial and aquatic plants. The purpose of present study was to investigate if NaCL, KCL, CaCL2, CuCL2.2H2O and FeCL3.6H2O have toxic action on germination of wheat seeds. The wheat seeds were placed in the double layer of Whatman filter paper. The papers with seeds were placed in closed plastic bags and 40 ml of the tested solution was poured on the bottom of the bags. The bags were placed in the thermostat at 22 °C for two weeks. Each bag was equal to the one test repetition; each test variant consists of five test repetitions. At the end of the test, percent germination, the length of shoots and roots were measured. Also, the visual observations for phytotoxicity (necrosis, chlorosis and deformations) onto shoots and roots were performed. ANOVA analysis was performed in order to be reveled statistically proved differences between tested variants via R language for statistical computing. The study confirm the toxic action of tested inorganic salts towards wheat and slightly stimulation effect of sodium and potassium chloride at low concentrations on wheat’s growth. Trials conform the strong phytotoxic action of ferric and especially copper chlorides on wheat seeds and plants. The conducted tests show all tested inorganic chlorine salts can strongly inhibit the germination rates of wheat seeds and growth of shoots and roots. However, some of them as sodium and potassium chloride at very low concentrations – 0.01 – 0.05 % (m/v) can express slight stimulation effect on seeds. Ferric and copper chlorides have strongest inhibition effect on wheat seeds in the conducted research. The fact that ferric chloride can act as ISR promoter in the plants and the results in the given study that the salt in very low concentration does not effects the growth and development of the plants is promising for future researchers in this direction. No differences between tested wheat cultivars were observed towards their response to the salts.
References
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