PERI-IMPLANTITIS IN PATIENTS WITH PERIODONТAL DISEASE

Abstract

Peri-implantitis is a problem that can occur after implant placement. Dental implants are an ideal modern solution for missing one or more teeth. With them we solve the dental problems and most importantly, we return the smile on the patient's face. Dental implants are certainly the best way to replace a lost tooth and more people are opting for this variant of tooth restoration, both because of the lifelong functional solution and because of the completely natural imitation of the tooth. But sometimes, despite all the benefits of implant placement, there are potential problems that can develop over time. Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory process, a inflammation of the gums and bones that occurs in patients with an implant. Loss of a dental implant is a destructive disease that primarily affects the  structure of the bones in the oral cavity and the soft tissues around the implant. Inflammation can occur for a number of reasons, so it is important to know that if the symptoms of the disease are not recognized in time and treatment is started, advanced peri-implantitis will lead to the loss of implants and at the same time the loss of prosthetic structures. One of the main causes of bone loss around implants is chronic inflammation whose symptoms resemble periodontitis. Dental implants are the best imitation of a natural tooth and should therefore be treated in the same way as our natural teeth that many often neglect. There are various reasons that affect the loss of implants, which can be categorized as poor or incorrect implantation, a history of periodontal disease, smoking or due to irregular and poor maintenance of the patient's oral hygiene. Periamplantitis begins with inflammation of the gingiva around the implant, which then spreads to the surrounding bone. At the beginning of the inflammation, the symptoms are mild, so many do not even notice them, and they manifest as redness and bleeding gums around the implant. Plaque or tartar also binds to them, so this initial stage is called peri-implant mucositis. At this stage, the inflammation has not yet affected the bone, so it is advisable to start treatment to avoid advanced symptoms, followed by peri-implantitis. When we notice symptoms such as swelling around the implant and pain, then we are already talking about peri-implantitis. To get a specific diagnosis and a clear degree of bone loss, it is necessary to make an X-ray. Given the increasing prevalence of peri-implant diseases, oral surgeons and prosthetists must increasingly consider the potential risks to the long-term success of the implant. In addition to the risk arising from technical errors, there are biological risks that can always be affected. In the literature, the increased risk of active or treated periodontitis has been repeatedly described and statistically estimated. The aim of this paper is to analyze and systematize the risks of implant placement in patients with periodontal disease, using already available data.