INFLUENCE OF PREVENTION AND PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
Keywords:
Knee osteoarthritis, Muscle weakness, Prevention, Tеrapeutic exercises, Knee rehabilitationAbstract
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a degenerative chronic disease that leads to prolonged pain and permanent damage. Changes in the surrounding muscles of the knee joint may progress together or develop prior to damage in the subchondral bone and articular cartilage. The aim of this review is to review physiotherapeutic interventions that may have a positive effect on muscle function and can improve functional activity in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Materials and methods: For the purposes of this publication, an overview of available scientific articles which deal with the application of various physiotherapeutic interventions that may be potentially effective in preventing weakness and affecting muscle function and functional activity in patients with knee osteoarthritis has been reviewed. Results were sought in Pub Med, defining: knee osteoarthritis, functional activity, muscle weakness, prevention, therapeutic exercises, aerobic exercises, resistance ground-based exercises, aquatic exercises, neuromuscular exercises, balance training proprioceptive training, exercises to reduce body weight, tai chi and other traditional exercises. Results: The overview of the available literature found evidence of a positive effect of exercise and therapeutic exercise in patients with knee osteoarthritis, both to prevent the onset and the progression of the disease and to reduce the intensity of the clinical symptoms. Depending on the type of intervention, various mechanisms have been identified that can reduce pain, reduce muscle weakness, improve proprioception, postural balance, and increase functional activity. Conclusion: The use of therapeutic exercises in treatment and rehabilitation of patients with knee osteoarthritis is highly recommended therapy. Therapeutic exercises, depending on their variety, can lead to improved therapeutic outcomes and reduced functional impairment. The application of different type strategies for prevention is an important part of the therapeutic process. When developing strategies for the management of the knee osteoarthritis it is necessary to consider the individual characteristics of the patient and the accompanying comorbidity. There is a need to continue research on the use of therapeutic exercises in order to better understand the mechanism by which they can lead to optimization of functional activity and reduction of adverse effects in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
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