@article{Arabadzhiyska_Terzieva_2018, title={MALONDIALDEHYDE – OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKER}, volume={22}, url={https://ikm.mk/ojs/index.php/kij/article/view/3664}, abstractNote={<p>Oxygen keeps the aerobic life and is essential for energy metabolism and respiration. It takes part in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases and degenerative conditions.<br>Normal oxidation processes in the human body are reduced, with few exceptions, to the removal of electrons (hydrogen) from various compounds that bind to oxygen or other acceptors. In the process where O2 undergoes a reduction, several transition forms are formed, such as superoxide (O2¯), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (OH·) - combined under the term reactive oxygen species (ROS).<br>At the molecular level, the main mechanism by which free radicals carry out their toxic action is lipid peroxidation. Typically, it proceeds with branching chains, whereby each new molecule of hydrogen peroxide generates a new radical giving rise to a branch of the main chain. This non-enzymatic lipid oxidation process is called lipid peroxidation because the oxidation of the substrate takes place by the addition of a peroxide group (-O-O-). Lipid peroxidation gives many toxic products - lipid radicals, singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radicals, lipid hydroperoxides, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, hydrocarbon gases, etc. It damages all the lipid components of the cells, altering their normal biological functions. Most of its molecular and radical products actively interact with other types of biomolecules. One of the most popular by-products of lipid peroxidation in the human body is serum malondialdehyde (MDA). It is an organic, highly reactive compound that can be determined by spectrophotometric, chromatographic and immunoenzymatic methods. Its spectrophotometric concentration is measured by the intensity of the colour product produced by reaction with thiobarbituric acid (TBA). Since this colour product can also be the result of other present compounds, it is more accurate to say that TBA-reactive material (TBARM) is determined. The HPLC method has the high analytical specificity and sensitivity. ELISA methods are based on sandwich technique with two antibodies. They have good analytical reliability characteristics and are used in practice.<br>MDA is believed to have cytotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties as well as inhibits enzymes associated with the protection of cells against oxidative stress. The processes that occur contribute to the development of a number of diseases such as diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, cancer and many others.</p>}, number={5}, journal={KNOWLEDGE - International Journal }, author={Arabadzhiyska, Desislava and Terzieva, Dora}, year={2018}, month={Mar.}, pages={1261–1265} }