PRINCIPLES AND CHANGES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

Abstract

The paper deals with principles and differentiations in the educational process. It is primarily designed chronological overview concerning the role and requirements of teaching jobs, ranging from ancient society to focus shifted to socialist and capitalist arrangement. The Old Greeks give a presentation of the role of a lecturer, based on the thoughts of the Socrates and Plato. The parallels between the concept of teaching in a originally socialist and capitalist society are further underlined, based on the opinion of most authors dealing with this issue. Since the knowledge carrier phenomenon has been in existence since ancient times, it is very likely that there is a wide range of universal traits that, we might say, are contemporary and necessary. Here, the primacy is first given to the self-improvement of a professor (which is in this text primarily understood as a university teacher) in the field for which he has opted. Then, as one of the crucial segments of the scientific personality, ethical milieu was also mentioned. Namely, the emphasis is on the possession of the basic moral components and on the criticism of the existing moral practice. It seems that the economic inefficiency is a factual state in dealing with this profession. That is why is one of the virtues that the teacher must possess excitement with his work, or enthusiasm. After targeting the principles of the professor's work, the corpus of changes that time imposed as the necessary segments of the structure of this work was also studied. It was emphasized that one of the conditions for dealing with this business is the elimination of traditional teaching ex cathedra and the application of interdisciplinarity and active involvement of listeners in the process of acquiring knowledge. Today, monodisciplinarity, for those who have decided to sit in the chair, reflects as a lack of a wider view of the world and pretends to be spiritual limiting. As one of the conditions for the spread of knowledge, multilingualism also occurs. A lecturer, in order to keep pace with time, must draw his knowledge from foreign literature, which often remains untranslated. It is important to emphasize that the importance of foreign language skills was never questionable, but today it is visibly reflected as a need, and not as a choice. The fact is that we live in a time where, apart from local cultural activities, there is a rich content of global culture. One of the most important and most demanding contents of this international culture is information – technological literacy. The lecturer is in a mature position that inevitably his time, work and effort must be dedicated to acquiring technical competences, adopting a technical culture, because only this can modernize the topic he is dealing with and enable himself to survive in an oversupply market. In this way, the professor also equips young generations for work and adjusts them to market demand. Of course, as a country of much smaller capacity compared to other developed European countries, Montenegro should approach this with a dose of caution, and affirmative experience seems to be drawn from the act of the countries of ex – Yu region.