THE ROLE OF NATURAL CONDITIONS IN THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF LEZHA

Abstract

The Municipality of Lezha is located in the western part of the territory of Albania and has a wide geographical extent to the shores of the Adriatic Sea. Most of the territory is characterized by a flat plain relief, mainly in the western and central part, while in the eastern part the relief is generally hilly and mountainous. In the tectonic framework, the Lezha plain is located on the structural foundation of the Ionian, Krasta and Mirdita tectonic zones. The relief for the most part is distinguished for a consistency on the structures on which it is formed, where the 2 hilly ranges with parallel extension to each other, of Rrenc and Kakarriq, are formed on the structures of the horses and at the same time of the anticlines, and the hilly ridges in Mëlqi, Manati, Kallmet and Zejmen as well as the mountain ridge of Vela. In the central part, the territory is distinguished for tectonic faults which are reflected by active seismic movements, where as a consequence during the historical evolution, the city of Lezha has undergone radical transformations, while the decreasing tectonic movements experienced by the graben structure of Lezha, have caused relief and relief. consequently the waters of the Adriatic Sea have advanced towards the continental part, damaging many of the ecosystems of the coastal lagoons. The lithological structure consists of flysch rocks, triassic and jurassic limestones, volcanic and magmatic limestones, as well as cretac limestones in the northwest. The western and southern sectors near the shores of the Adriatic Sea are distinguished for a variety of special ecosystems with geomorphological, geological, geobotanical, tourist and economic values. The western part is bordered by the waters of the Adriatic Sea, where consequently the low plain coasts are formed near the delta of the Drin River of Lezha and the Mat River, which with the large solid river inflow have created favorable conditions for the accumulation of quaternary deposits. and for the formation of the alluvial field of Lezha. The territory is distinguished for typical Mediterranean climates, accompanied by high rainfall values, as well as a large number of hours of sunshine, offering opportunities for the development of seaside tourism and the growth of subtropical agricultural crops. In economic development, during the period before the 1990s, the main branches of industry were the wood and paper industry, construction materials bricks, tiles, etc. and the food industry (fish processing). One of the urban centers and the main seaport in the north of Albania is Shëngjin, which is presented as one of the most important centers of coastal tourism, where massive beaches stretch along the entire coastline. Coastal lagoons are a growing tourist and recreational attraction, but human capacity and infrastructure at the service of visitors is lacking in tools and equipment, signs, information boards, guides, trails, watchtowers, camping, etc.). Although in recent years there has been an increase in the number of visitors, the challenge remains their extension outside the peak of the summer tourist season, as well as their distribution in other parts of the managed nature reserves. The next largest influx of people will inevitably increase the risk of fires, which can destroy essential bird habitats. One of the main objectives of this paper should be to accurately determine the dynamics of the coastline in the medium and long term, requires the assessment of coastal fragments that are involved in the abrasion and deposition processes