INFLUENCE OF THE MORPHODYNAMIC FACTORS ON THE TERRITORY OF ALBANIA

Abstract

In terms of landforms, Albania shows a great variability, ranging from sand and rock coasts (some corresponding to a dalmat coast), karst mountainous ranges and ridges, large (intra-montane) poljes, high mountains holding a periglacial imprint, canyons, gorges etc and all of it comprised in only 28.748 km² and within an elevation range of 2751 m. occurring karst-glacial interactions. The object of the paper is geomorphological features and the use of physical-geographical and morphological elements in order to organize and regulate rural space. It aims to fully understand the morphological phenomena and to explain the causes and consequences of some human factors in the development of external relief modeling processes. Morphogenetic factors, which differentiate regionally the morphodynamics of Albania, are numerous, but some of them have a specific meaning. Lithologic content influences the present dynamic due to rocks diversity. They appear a various resistance to the attack of external processes and generate or restrict the development forms on various rocks. The differences in the geologic structures lead to layes processes along schist plans, faults etc, that means to a selective modeling. Climatic, hydrographic, pedogenetic and vegetation conditions have played an important role in modeling the relief of the mountainous ranges. Thanks to these elements and the mutual interaction between them, significant changes have appeared, being reflected in morphogenesis, where a good part of the relief shapes have a polygenetic character. Relief of Albania influences through its morphomeytric elements, general ones are very high altitude, landforms and processes, that taking place in alpin forms, hilly and plains. Differentiation of the stages of relief evolution is another goal, through which the various forms of genetic complexes are analyzed. The determination of the age of the relief is based on the morphological evolution of the tectonic cliffs and on the deposition of particulate materials along their base. Genetic complexes of the relief have been analyzed in close relation to intensive tectonic activity up to the new Quaternary, lithological content, and climate change. Based on Quaternary deposits, the complex dynamic equilibrium between the values of new tectonic differentiation, climate change and the use of relief for human purposes has been determined. Through the dynamics of current relief modeling processes, assessments have been carried out in the framework of land regulation, influencing the determination of investments in rural infrastructure, especially agricultural and road infrastructure, in preventing and curbing some of the main geomorphological, climatic and seismic hazards. Great perspectives are the parameters of the coastline configuration, ecosystems and diversity of relief for the development of tourism, which has created conditions for the expansion of tourist accommodation infrastructure and the formation of narrow belts of artificial beaches along the rocky coasts