ISOLATION ADAPTATION AND DETERMINATION OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS FOR BIODEGRADATION OF PHENOL FROM WASTEWATER
Keywords:
Bacillus subtilis, Phenol-degradation, Biodegradation, WastewaterAbstract
Despite the insufficient water resources, the growth of the population and the rapid development of the industry have made wastewater treatment important. Several methods have been designed for phenol removal. Among them Bioremediation is the most effective, environmentally friendly and low-cost method. This study presents an alternative method to achieve bioremediation of phenol using microbial isolation and adaptation. It was aimed to monitor the viability and resistance of Bacillus subtilis to the high phenol concentration and the possible use in the bioremediation. Monitoring the phenol as the main target, other parameters were also followed as well as the interaction of Bacillus subtilis with other granulated bacteria and yeast. It was aimed if different bacteria species and yeasts can collaborate with Bacillus subtilis to degrade phenol. Water samples were collected from the last refinery treatment cell to observe bacterial growth. Water samples were tested for several parameters such as dissolved O2, Temperature, pH, Salinity, NH4 and P. Phenol degrading microorganisms were isolated from wastewater and synthetic water. Analyzes were performed by supplementing the phenol concentrations from 100 to 2000 mg/ L-1 In MSM and 72 h aeration-agitation at 150 rpm/ 28oC. 4-aminoantipyrine in the colourimetric assay method was used for phenol concentration according to standard methods reported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The morphological properties of the isolated colonies by optical microscopy were; Bacillus Gram+ bacteria, Big-rod shaped Gram+ bacteria and typical yeast colonies. Microorganisms were identified as; Bacillus subtilis, Leclercia adecarboxylata, Citrobacter sp., Raoultella sp. All isolates were incubated with refinery wastewater for 20 days at 35 oC and phenol degradation was monitored. The resistance of microorganisms dramatically decreased as phenol concentration increases. In conclusion, Bacillus subtilis strain was isolated and adapted to a high concentration of phenol and their determination for Biodegradation of Phenol. The tolerance and viability of Bacillus subtilis at high concentrations of phenol, promises the potential for its utilization for bioremediation of phenol in the wastewater and petrochemical industry. Granulated-combined of Bacillus subtilis with other microorganisms can be an alternative for phenol bioremediation treatment strategy. Cultivation of phenol degrading microorganisms in oil-contaminated environments will help the restoration of ecosystem balances.
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