INCIDENCE OF TUMOURS IN THE MAXILLOFACIAL REGION
Keywords:
tumours, cancer, oral cancer, maxillary defects, obturatorAbstract
Oncological diseases are a main problem of modern society, which together with cardiovascular diseases
is the most common cause of death. Studies show that a significant par t of them affect the
maxi l lofacial region showing a tendency towards steady increase. A significant increase in the
incidence of cancer of the tongue, gingiva and the floor of the oral cavity is observed, with squamous cell
carcinoma being the most common type histologically. Increased incidence is also observed in malignant diseases of
salivary glands, which affect both adults and children . According to some data, oral cancer is the most common
cancer after lymphoma and leukaemia in certain countries. The four fold increase in incidence leads some
authors to define oral cancer as the disease of the 21st century. There are many studies on the
incidence of these diseases in different countr ies. The data show wide variations in mortality rate with
the smallest increase being observed in countries with a high level of economic development and a modern
healthcare system. Research shows, that this is due to the various degrees of exposure to risk factors, economic
conditions, lifestyle and access to medical care and screening. Race also influences the incidence and the prevalence
of oncological diseases of the head and neck with cancer of the larynx and hypopharynx established to be less likely
in black patients. The research data also prove the effect of risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol use in increasing
cancer incidence. Use of marijuana and electronic cigarettes, as well as human papillomavirus are other important
etiological factors for cancer of the head, neck and oropharynx. Epidemiological and demographic studies show that
maintaining good oral hygiene, screening and cessation of smoking and alcohol are measures that reduce the
incidence of head and neck cancer. The need to develop national and global policies for the control, prevention and
treatment of oncological diseases is acknowledged. The resul ts of screening studies on the r isk of head
and neck cancer show a higher l ikel ihood of disease in men and prove the role of smoking as a
leading et iological factor . The impor tant role of good oral hygiene and education of patients in cancer
prophylaxis and prevention is also acknowledged. The summar ized data show the need for the development of
national and global policies for control, prevention and treatment of oncological diseases and the creation of a global
strategy for battling with cancer.
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