INFLUENCE OF PAIN ON THE RECOVERY PROCESS AFTER SOFT TISSUE INJURY IN THE KNEE JOINT

Abstract

Ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament have the highest frequency among soft tissue injuries of the knee joint. They mainly affect physically active people, which gives them high social significance. The most commonly used method of treatment involves reconstruction of the ligament by autograft through arthroscopy. A detailed functional measurement and examination of the patients is required to achieve a full and effective recovery. The pathokinesiological analysis of the results has a key role in the selection of kinesitherapeutic agents and the correct dosage of the load. One of the main postoperative symptoms after ACL reconstruction is pain. It has a direct negative impact on the psycho-emotional status, which predisposes to various neurotic conditions and daily stress. Its increase during the rehabilitation procedures can be an indicator of incorrect combination and/or overdose of the administered means. The aim of the present study is to study the relationship between pain, expectations and motivation for active participation of patients in the recovery process. Material and methods. The object of the study were 35 patients with anterior cruciate ligament rupture in the early postoperative period. The treatment was performed with an arthroscopic operative approach and reconstruction through the patellar tendon. Functional measurement methods and patient research were conducted, including pain research using a questionnaire method and a visual analog scale. Results. A number of statistical relationships were found between the patients' pain and reduced motor activity, mode of movement, history of previous trauma, health status and their expectations regarding the outcome of the treatment. The results indicated that patients with more severe motor limitation had higher pain scores. Those of them who walked independently without aids reported lower scores on the visual analogue scale. Patients who indicated that they expected a full recovery of the lower extremity reported lower pain intensity compared to those who did not expect a return to their previous motor capabilities. Conclusions. Tracking changes in pain values during the recovery process provides an opportunity to monitor its impact on motor capabilities. Early burdening of the lower limb is the main means of its rapid reduction. Improves health status, quality of life and performance of daily activities. Pain plays a major role in the attitude and motivation of patients for active participation in rehabilitation procedures and their continuation at home. The psycho-emotional state is affected and helps to return to the previous motor capabilities and sports activities.