CLASSIFICATION OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS
Keywords:
classification, temporomandibular disorders, temporomandibular joint dysfunctionAbstract
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), also known as jaw joint or mandibular joint, is a bilateral synovial articulation between the temporal bone above and the mandible below. The TMJ is certainly one of the most complex joints in the body. The movements in both joints are synchronized and allow movement of the lower jaw.
The term temporomandibular joint dysfunction is used for structural and functional disorders related to the temporomandibular joints, masticatory muscles, and surrounding structures. It is characteristic that all the signs and symptoms worsen with the movement of the lower jaw, which occurs: limited mobility of the lower jaw, increased sensitivity to palpation and pain in the masticatory muscles, increased sensitivity and pain in the joint, locking and squeaking when moving the lower jaw, pain during movement, improper movement of the lower jaw, headache, neck pain, possible hearing and balance problems.
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) can be classified into the following categories: Masticatory muscle disorders (muscle pain, muscle spasm, myositis and tendonitis); Derangements of the condyle-disc disorders (disk displacement with reduction, disc displacement without reduction, disc perforation, structural changes in the articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint and temporomandibular joint dislocation); Inflammatory and degenerative disorders (arthritis and osteoarthritis); Limited mobility of TMJ – hypomobility (forward disc displacement, ankylosis and trismus) and Congenital and developmental anomalies.
In order to successfully manage the temporomandibular disorders, we must consider that here are numerous types of problems and variety of etiologies that cause them. Separating these disorders into common groups of symptoms and classifying them is a process called diagnosis. This is very important because for each diagnosis there is an appropriate treatment. There is no treatment that is universal and appropriate for all temporomandibular disorders. In many situations, the success of therapy depends less on how the treatment is performed than on whether the therapy is appropriate and correct for the disorder. Therefore, making a correct diagnosis is extremely important for proper treatment.
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