ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION IN CHILDREN WITH FIXED ORTHODONTIC TECHNIQUE
Keywords:
gingival inflammation, fixed orthodontic technique, assessmentAbstract
It has been shown that the malocclusions affect periodontal health and one of the goals of orthodontic treatment is to ensure better dental health and prolong the life of the dentition. Orthodontic treatment contributes to better oral hygiene by correcting dental imbalances and reducing (or eliminating) the occlusal trauma. For these reasons, orthodontic treatment leads to improve patients' periodontal status. It is reasonable to assume that properly arranged teeth are easier to clean, and if all teeth are optimally located in the alveolar bone and they are in good occlusion, this will contribute to good periodontal health. The aim of the present study is to assess the level of gingival inflammation in children with a fixed orthodontic technique. Material and methods: 246 patients (123 - clinical group (patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed technique) and 123 - control group (patients who visited the dental office for another reason) were studied for a period of 2 years. In order to obtain reliable results, the patients included in the study were evenly distributed by sex and age between the two groups. Data were processed with SPSS v. 20.0, using analysis of variance, comparison, and correlation. For significance level we assume p <0.05. Results: Gingival status in both groups of patients was examined with the same index. The assessment of gingival status revealed that there was a significant difference between the mean GI values, with a higher number of bleeding units in children with fixed orthodontic technique than in healthy controls (0.91 (0-2.50) to 0.14 (0-1.10) respectively (р<0.001). In the analysis of the gingival index by sex, it was found that in both study groups the mean GI value in boys was lower (p <0.05), with a significant difference between girls and boys in the two study groups (p <0.001). Patients who did not cooperate had three times higher GI values (p <0.001). There was a significant difference (p <0.001) and a positive moderate relationship between GI and oral hygiene (r=0.368; p <0.001), which showed that the worse the oral hygiene, the higher the GI value. Regarding oral health in patients with fixed orthodontic technique, the gingival index is a clinical indicator of a confirmatory nature regarding the patient's status. The most used index is Loë and Silness. Conclusion: The results of our studies show significantly increased values of the plaque and gingival index. A higher number of bleeding units were found in patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances.
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