HEAVY METAL LEVELS IN WATER AND ACTINIA EQUINA FROM THE SOUTHERN BLACK SEA COAST OF BULGARIA
Keywords:
seawater, Actinia equina, heavy metals, Black seaAbstract
In the current study, we determined the levels of the elements As, Pb, Cd, Hg, Mn, Zn, and Al in seawater as well as in the species sea anemone Actinia equina (Linnaeus, 1758) also known as beadlet anemone. The samples were taken in August 2020 from the region of the Southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast.
Our results showed low levels of heavy metals in seawater and much higher in Actinia equina. The order of the heavy metals concentrations was as follows Al = As = Zn> Pb = Mn> Cd> Hg for seawater and Al> Zn> Mn> As> Cd> Pb> Hg for Actinia equina.
In the Actinia equina samples the values of the chemical elements were: Al 9,80 ± 1,96 mg/kg w.w; Zn – 7,35 ± 1,47 mg / kg w.w; Mn – 2,24 ± 0,45 mg / kg w.w; As – 2,12 ± 0,42 mg/kg w.w; Cd – 0,87 ± 0,17 mg/kg w.w; Pb – 0,08 ± 0,02 mg/kg w.w; Hg <0,05 mg/kg w.w.
Seawater tests for the same parameters showed concentrations below the detection limit as follows Al <0,05 mg/kg w.w; Zn <0,05 mg/kg w.w; Mn <0,01 mg/kg w.w; As <0,05 mg/kg w.w; Cd <0,005 mg/kg w.w; Pb <0,01 mg/kg w.w; Hg <0,001 mg/kg w.w. The values obtained of the chemical elements in the seawater were below the maximum permissible limit for the quality of the coastal waters, determined in Ordinance № 8 of 25.01.2001.
The heavy metals level in the sampling area was lower in the living environment - seawater, compared to that in the studied mollusks. The concentration of the already mentioned chemical elements in seawater or in representatives of the different types of sea living organisms could be used as a bioindicator for pollution of the marine ecosystem.
The higher content of heavy metals in beadlet anemone than in seawater should be taken into account when assessing coastal water pollution. Also to keep in mind the bioindicative value of this species.
Literature data related to the presence of heavy metals in various species of sea anemones were scarce, and for our Black Sea region were not found. In this regard, the results obtained by us could serve as a basis for further studies of heavy metal pollution at different levels of the Black Sea ecosystems.
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