EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF FETUS MALFORMATIVE INJURIES THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF 3D/4D ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS
Keywords:
prenatal diagnosis, fetus, 3D/4D ultrasound diagnosis, gestational weekAbstract
3D data is an interpretation of two-dimensional (2D) planes and is an extension of conventional
technique. In this way, 3D does not replace 2D, but rather expands its capabilities. 3D provides a number of imaging
modes and image processing techniques that are used in diagnosis depending on the specific problem, and 4D
ultrasound allows the display of fetal movements in surface and film-like transparent modes. As a result, 3D/4D
technology has become a valuable additional method to conventional 2D ultrasound in the diagnosis of
malformations and can be used in clarifying suspicious objects. Objective: To propose guidelines for improving the
efficiency of the diagnostic process in obstetrics by analyzing the application of 3D/4D ultrasound diagnostics.
Material and methods: Using a computer database, articles on three-dimensional and four-dimensional ultrasound
diagnostics in obstetrics and gynecology were reviewed. Our own clinical experience over the past 15 years has also
been used. On the basis of the collected information, the present study was conducted, in which we will prove the
positive role of 3D/4D ultrasound in the daily practice in the field of obstetrics and the possibility of early diagnosis
of structural or functional anomalies requiring significant decision-making. Results and discussion: Introduction of
three- and four-dimensional apparatus, combined with the transvaginal approach, gives more objective and accurate
information about embryonic and early fetal development. For the first time, parallel analyzes of structural and
functional parameters during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy are possible. 3D and 4D ultrasound play an important
role in early demonstration of normal and abnormal structures in the first, second and third trimesters. Embryonic
and fetal circulation can be demonstrated by applying Glass body mode, a combination of 3D ultrasound in gray
scale and color, respectively power Doppler. With the interactive display of 3D images, all types of visible
anomalies can be observed in the most appropriate mode, showing the size of the object of interest in all dimensions.
Conclusion: 3D/4D ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis represents an important milestone in ultrasound history. The
correct use of 3D ultrasound requires technical training, spatial thinking and continuous training of the specialists
who use this technology.
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