CONTROL OF MYOPIA
Keywords:
Myopia, control, treatment, lenses, glassesAbstract
Myopia is a refractive error of the eye, where the light rays, when passing through the optical medium during relaxed eye accommodation, converge in front of the retina. In a healthy eye without refractive anomalies, these rays converge onto the retina. Myopia can be classified into three types: axial, when the anterior-posterior axis is longer; refractive, when the eye’s refractive power is stronger; secondary, resulting from medication, corneal and lens diseases. In addition to various factors influencing the development of myopia, it can also have a genetic component. In children with at least one myopic parent, the likelihood of developing nearsightedness is significantly higher. Treatment and control of Myopia occur through various methods. Spending more time outdoors, especially for young individuals, reduces the risk by 2%. Experts recommend 7-15 hours of outdoor activity for children weekly. Limiting digital device usage in daily life, combined with prolonged outdoor time, yields better results. Treatment options include glasses with peripheral defocus or progressive/bifocal spectacles, soft contact lenses, rigid gas permeable contact lenses, multifocal soft contact lenses. Ortho K lenses, atropine medication and refractive laser procedures. Research indicates that due to the rapid integration of technology and digital devices into people’s daily lives, over 50% of the population by 2050 will experience nearsightedness. It is a leading cause of pathological conditions and a decrease in visual acuity. Myopia is defined as the pandemic of the 21st century. Observations with progressive treatments show positive results in young individuals. Manufactures of dioptric glasses introduce new methods for correction, such as bifocal lenses that address near and far vision or lenses with peripheral defocus to reduce the hyperopic defocus in cases of high myopia. Ortho K lenses, worn overnight, provide clear vision during the day, correcting diopter and reducing eye elongation by 30% to 100%. They are suitable up to the age of 14. Atropine treatment significantly slows myopia progression. Concentrations of 0.5-1% reduce progression by up to 75% and lower concentrations of 0.1-0.01% achieve a 67% reduction with fewer side effects. Control of myopia is a serious issue requiring thorough consideration. Early attention to children and appropriate treatment are crucial. With existing market options, it becomes easy and harmless for them. Timely intervention may prevent the need for surgical procedures. Understanding factors leading to myopia progression and educating people will enhance prevention and control efforts, significantly reducing the percentage of children with high Myopia over time.
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www.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.GOV, 2023