POETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN'S POETRY OF THE XX CENTURY IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (ON EXAMPLES FROM THE WORKS OF NASIHA KAPIDŽIĆ-HADŽIĆ AND BISERA ALIKADIĆ)
Keywords:
children's poetry, oral tradition, flora, fauna, Nasiha Kapidžić-Hadžić, Bisera AlikadićAbstract
The first reflections and discussions on children's literature in the Bosnian context can be traced back to the second half of the 20th century. Pre-academic thinking about children's literature in Bosnia and Herzegovina is related to didacticism, pedagogical, religious or patriotic dimension which burdened literary texts from the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Only academic criticism in the second half of the twentieth century will connect children's literature with the aesthetic dimensions of the text. The academic study of children’s literature heralded a new stage and established a canon of children’s literature that is today subject to re-examination and reinterpretation (including e.g. women’s writing, queer theory, postcolonialism, etc.). Nasiha Kapidžić-Hadžić is the most significant poet of the 20th century in Bosnian and Bosniak children's literature. Nasiha Kapidžić-Hadžić's literary work covers the period from 1962, when the poet appeared with her first collection A Masquerade in the Woods to the second half of the 1980s, when her radio plays were published. Nasiha Kapidžić-Hadžić's works have been published in numerous literary selections, anthologies, her poems and prose lines have been presented in different school textbooks and translated into many foreign languages, and her children's plays have been performed on radio and theater. Bisera Alikadić's short stories from the book The Queen of the Court (1983) were included in reading books for primary school in Bosnia and Herzegovina, while her book of children’s poetry Scale Songs (1996) went almost unnoticed by literary critics.
Although both authors have been present on the literary scene since the second half of the last century, their children’s poetry has not been the subject of extensive analysis and interpretation to date. Namely, the current critical literature on children’s poetry in BiH is largely dispersed and provides a partial insight into certain collections or segments of children's poetry, without the tendency to systematically valorize and revise the existing canon. Although both poets have a prominent place in the history of Bosnian and Bosniak children's literature, the elements that shaped the literary-historical narrative of their work have been insufficiently researched in literary historiography. In the literary critical works of both of these authors, one can read hints about the existence of connections between oral tradition and children’s poetry. The love for nature, animals, plants as symbols and metaphors enabled the poetic understanding of reality and the anthropomorphization of the world of nature, which has not been written about in the light of modern literary-theoretical approaches. In this regard, the aim of this paper is to examine the poetic features in the poetry of Nasiha Kapidžić-Hadžić and Bisera Alikadić as representative authors of children’s poetry in the XX century in Bosnia and Herzegovina, whose poetry emphasizes dominant motifs from motifs from oral tradition and motifs from flora and fauna. The comparative and the method of text analysis will first highlight the sections in which the dominant motifs are identified and then the aim of the paper is to determine the functions of these motifs in the overall poetics of poets Nasiha Kapidžić-Hadžić and Bisera Alikadić.
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