DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF NON-PROLIFERATIVE CORRELATED WITH PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN CLINICAL HOSPITAL SHTIP

Abstract

Diabetes is the leading cause of reduced vision in the world's working-age population, equally represented
in men and women, which if not treated, can lead to blindness. Diabetes can cause damage to the eyes as a result of
long-term increased blood sugar levels. It damages the blood vessels of the retina, there is bleeding on the retina
itself, swelling and fatty deposits especially in the center for clear vision, as well as the creation of new blood
vessels. Newly formed blood vessels have weak and abnormal walls, so they burst and bleed, which is why bleeding
occurs inside the eye. This condition is called diabetic retinopathy. The longer you have diabetes , the more likely
you are to develop this eye complication. Other risk factors for the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy besides
unregulated glycemia are hypertension, dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, anemia, diabetic nephropathy, family
history of diabetic retinopathy, pregnancy. Symptoms of diabetic retinopathy include gradual deterioration of
vision, blurred vision, sudden loss of vision, appearance of flies in the field of vision - opacities, pain in the eyes. It
is clinically diagnosed and classified according to vascular changes in the fundus.
There are two types of diabetic retinopathy: Early diabetic retinopathy - more commonly called non-proliferative
diabetic retinopathy. Advanced Diabetic Retinopathy - Diabetic retinopathy can progress to this more severe type,
known as proliferative diabetic retinopathy. A study showed that in patients with type 1 diabetes, in the first 5 years
after diagnosis, they will develop non-proliferative retinopathy in a smaller percentage 5%, after 20 years from the
diagnosis, this percentage will be 80%. Of the total number of patients with type 1 diabetes, 15-40% will develop
proliferative retinopathy after 20 years. Unlike type 1 diabetes, patients with type 2 diabetes develop proliferative
retinopathy in a much smaller percentage: 10% of those treated with diet and oral antidiabetic drugs and 20% of
those treated with insulin.
Diabetes is on the rise and has an almost epidemic progression that will affect more than 700 million people
worldwide by 2045. The increasing prevalence of diabetes affects young people as well as adults, with the number
of young people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) predicted to increase almost 3-fold and those with type 2 diabetes (T2D)
to almost quadruple to 2050. The best treatment for diabetic retinopathy is prevention. You can't always prevent
diabetic retinopathy. However, regular eye exams, good control of your blood sugar and blood pressure, and early
intervention for vision problems can help prevent severe vision loss.All diabetics should check their blood sugar
daily, see their doctor routinely, follow a diabetic diet, and have a dilated eye exam at least once a year.