THE ROLE AND FUNCTION OF THE MODERN NURSE IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Abstract

Nowadays, multiple sclerosis is considered one of the most common chronic demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, with an autoimmune pathogenesis and a congenital predisposition, most often affecting people between 20 and 50 years of age. The prevalence is also different in different regions of the world and is constantly increasing. In Bulgaria, according to unofficial data, 7-8 thousand are affected, with approximately 80 new people being diagnosed each year. Although it is not included in the list of socially significant diseases, the rapid progression and motor disability it causes in early adulthood determine its social importance. Multiple sclerosis leads to a number of damage to the nervous system, and in the final stages to severe disability, which in turn mainly affects the quality of life of the sufferers. A characteristic feature of the disease is the symptomatic episodes, manifested in a different time interval - from months to years, including vision problems, loss of balance, muscle weakness, problems in the movements of the limbs. The most important goal in the treatment of the disease is to slow down and reduce the patients' long-term disability. This necessitates specific treatment and nursing care of a different nature. Caring for patients with multiple sclerosis is a primary responsibility of the nurse, whether in the inpatient or outpatient setting. The focus should be on good professional practice as well as continuing education in the field of health care.The goal of the present article is to study and present clear information about the main role and functions of the modern nurse, as part of the multidisciplinary team in the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis. The article examines the educational function of the modern nurse, mainly related to the provision of clear and accurate information to patients about the method and correct technique of injecting medications into different areas of the body, according to a strictly defined scheme. The significant role of the nurse in assisting and facilitating patient access to consultations and examinations with a doctor is examined, since in most cases she is the main mediator in the doctor-patient relationship. Emphasis is placed on the specific nursing activities and care related to dealing with the main symptoms of the disease, as well as the prevention of complications from the respiratory and excretory system. Last but not least, the function of the nurse is examined from the point of view of taking care of proper physical activity, proper nutrition and rehabilitation. As part of the team in the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis, the role of the nurse is key, related to the planning, organization, training, coordination and implementation of complex nursing care. All this confirms its important role in the treatment and diagnostic process and proves the social significance of the nursing profession.