DIABETIC RETINOPATHY CHALLENGE OF MODERN TIMES

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy is a condition resulting from diabetes mellitus in which retinal damage occurs, which may cause blindness. This is a diabetes-induced disease that affects up to 80% of patients who have diabetes mellitus over a period of 10 years or more. treated. The chances of developing diabetic retinopathy grow proportionally with the duration of diabetes in patients and early symptoms cannot usually be detected. The most common symptoms that occur in patients with macular edema are a blurry species, which causes them to have difficulty performing daily activities, in which during the day there is an improvement or deterioration of the species. If the patient does not have any symptoms, the only way to detect nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in the first phase is by using fundus ophthalmoscopy that observes extensions of an arterial wall called microaneurysms. If a symptom occurs as reduced visual acuity, fluorescein angiography is used to see the inside of the eye floor. Retinal ischemia is a condition in which the blood vessels of the retina are narrowed or narrowed. In the first phase, exudation may occur in the macular region, with macular edema developing whose symptoms are a foggy and dark species. Approximately 10% of diabetes patients may lose sight due to macular oedema. Optical coherent tomography can detect fluid in the macular region. In the second phase, called proliferative diabetic retinopathy, new abnormal blood vessels are formed in the back of the eye, in which bleeding may occur in the vitreal body and loss of visual acuity, if this happens for the first time, there are no serious permanent consequences. In most cases, patients may notice blood points, which are visualized as flies floating and taken off the field of vision after several hours, where bleeding occurs in the coming days and the species is blurred. In the worst cases, patients perceive only light. In larger amounts of blood, it takes longer to withdraw, and in some patients blood remains in the glass body. Haemorrhages of this species tend to be repeated most often during sleep, and examination of the eye bottom observes precipitates, flame hemorrhages and points. Modern classification of diabetic retinopathy includes the following types: 1. Non-proliferative DR (Diabetic retinopathy) stages: No diabetic retinopathy, mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), heavy (severe) nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). 2. Stages of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) include early stage and high-risk phase. Research methods include ophthalmoscopy (direct and indirect), fluorescent angiography, In the early stages of diabetic retinopathy, specific ophthalmological therapy is not recommended. blood pressure and improved lipid status. At advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy, with or without maculopathy involved, doctors often recommend laser therapy to specific parts of the retina or near the macular.In severe forms of PDR with macular edema, antiVEGF treatment is initially advised, later as needed combined with LFC.