ANTIFUNGAL EFFECT OF SEVERAL ORGANIC ACIDS TOWARDS CONIDIOSPORES OF MONILIA FRUCTIGENA IN THE IN VITRO CONDITIONS
Keywords:
organic acid, Monilia fructigena, conidiospores, antifungal, appleAbstract
An in vitro antifungal trials with conidiospores of Monilia fructigena were performed for testing the ability of seven organic acids to block their germination. Tested acids were: malic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, acetic acid, formic acid and lactic acid. They are with low toxicity towards humans and the environment and most of them are typical food additives for achieving the sour taste of foods. Conidiospores of Monilia fructigena were taken from naturally infested apple fruits and an in vivo phytotoxic trials with two apple cultivars ("Golden Delicious" and "Jonagold" ) were performed too. Conducted tests show that tested acids express different effectiveness towards Monilia fructigena. Some of them as acetic, formic and succinic were completely inapplicable as potential fungicides towards testes pathogen. Conducted tests prove that they can inhibit the ability of conidiospores to germinate but in very high concentrations in which they also can cause damage on treated apple plants. However other acids as tataric, lactic and citric were effective in the very low concentrations (0.1-0.3 %) which make them very appropriate as fungicides. These acids are cheap, produced in large amounts (especially citric acid), safe for the humans and the environment and soluble in water. Up to 1 % concentration no one of the tested acid cause phytotoxicity on the apple trees.
References
Abbas, F. N., Jabir, H. B., & Khalaf, R. M. (2011). In vitro assessment of antifungal potential of apple cider vinegar and acetic acid versus fluconazole in clinical isolates of otomycosis. University of Thi-Qar Journal Of Medicine, 5(1), 126-133.
Adesogan, A. T., & Salawu, M. B. (2004). Effect of applying formic acid, heterolactic bacteria or homolactic and heterolactic bacteria on the fermentation of bi‐crops of peas and wheat. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 84(9), 983-992.
Axelsson, L. (2004). Lactic acid bacteria: classification and physiology. Food Science and Technology-New York-Marcel Dekker-, 139, 1-66
Aneeba, B., Santhia, S. A., Christy, R. S., Al-Misned, F. A., El-Serehy, H. A., & Vinu, S. (2021). Polychromatic luminescence and improved antifungal performance of succinic acid in the lattice of L-Lysine monohydrochloride. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(1), 395-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.021
Berovic, M., & Legisa, M. (2007). Citric acid production. Biotechnology annual review, 13, 303-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13011-8
Borah, H. J., Borah, A., Yadav, A., & Hazarika, S. (2023). Extraction of malic acid from Dillenia indica in organic solvents and its antimicrobial activity. Separation Science and Technology, 58(2), 314-325. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2022.2115381
Elisovetskaya, D., Shleahtich, V., Musleh, M., & Cristman, D. (2015). Biorational pesticides in the integrated protection system of stone fruit crops. In International Congress of Geneticists and Breeders from the Republic of Moldova ,pp. 269-270.
Faraw, J. J. (2015). Practical Regression and ANOVA using R.
Gal, J. (2008). The discovery of biological enantioselectivity: Louis Pasteur and the fermentation of tartaric acid, 1857—a review and analysis 150 yr later. Chirality: The Pharmacological, Biological, and Chemical Consequences of Molecular Asymmetry, 20(1), 5-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/chir.20494
Gizer, S. G., & Sahiner, N. (2021). The effect of sulphur on the antibacterial properties of succinic acid-Cu (II) and mercaptosuccinic acid-Cu (II) MOFs. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 528, 120611.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2021.120611
Hawkins, N. J., Bass, C., Dixon, A., & Neve, P. (2019). The evolutionary origins of pesticide resistance. Biological Reviews, 94(1), 135-155.
Hassan, R. A., Sand, M. I., & El-Kadi, S. M. (2012). Effect of some organic acids on fungal growth and their toxins production. Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology, 3(9), 391-397. 10.21608/jacb.2012.55011
Hietala, J., Vuori, A., Johnsson, P., Pollari, I., Reutemann, W., & Kieczka, H. (2016). Formic acid. Ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry, 1, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.a12_013.pub3
Iqbal, M., Baloch, I. B., & Baloch, M. K. (2014). Evaluation of antifungal and antibacterial activities of monoesters of succinic anhydride. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 28(1), 131-136. https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v28i1.15
Kövilein, A., Kubisch, C., Cai, L., & Ochsenreither, K. (2020). Malic acid production from renewables: a review. Journal of chemical technology & biotechnology, 95(3), pp. 513-526. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.6269
Liu, Z., Bai, H., Yang, H., Tang, S., Wei, M., Huang, X., & Li, Y. (2012). Biological characteristics of Monilia fructigena as pathogen of brown rot in sweet cherry. Journal of Fruit Science, 29(3), 423-427.
Nghiem, N. P., Kleff, S., & Schwegmann, S. (2017). Succinic acid: technology development and commercialization. Fermentation, 3(2), 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation3020026
Shokri, H. (2011). Evaluation of inhibitory effects of citric and tartaric acids and their combination on the growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, and Malassezia furfur. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 20, 543-545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-011-1195-6
Stiles, M. E. (1996). Biopreservation by lactic acid bacteria. Antonie van leeuwenhoek, 70, 331-345. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00395940
Sunding, D., & Zivin, J. (2000). Insect population dynamics, pesticide use, and farmworker health. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 82(3), 527-540.
Teodorescu, G., Sumedrea, M., Marin, F. C., & Murariu, F. (2007, November). Use of Vegetal Extracts in Control of Monilia spp. In I Balkan Symposium on Fruit Growing 825, pp. 363-370.
Wang, L., & Zhang, H. Y. (2010). Comparison of pharmacological effects of Fructus Mume and its processed products. Zhong yao cai= Zhongyaocai= Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials, 33(3), pp.353-356.
Wagner, F. S., & Staff, U. B. (2000). Acetic acid. Kirk‐Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471238961.0103052023010714.a01.pub3
Zinn, M. K., & Bockmühl, D. (2020). Did granny know best? Evaluating the antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral efficacy of acetic acid for home care procedures. BMC microbiology, 20, 1-9.
