TESTING OF RESISTANCE OF GRAM-POSITIVE AND GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA TO CERTAIN ANTIBIOTICS

Abstract

Various infections can be treated with antibiotics, and their use dates back half a century. They belong to the group of the most successful drugs around the world. The cause of bacterial infections can be different, while the development of infection can be influenced by immunity, genetic factors, age, diet and climatic factors. The flora of the skin differs in certain parts of the body. The most favorable parts for the growth and development of bacteria and the appearance of infections are in the areas of folds on the skin (under the armpits, groin area, between the fingers, etc.). The number of bacteria on the skin decreases with the depth of the stratum corneum. The method of treating bacterial infections is carried out on the basis of certain principles. It is desirable to use antiseptics in combination with antibiotics, which can act both physically and chemically on the cell wall or on the breakdown of proteins. The antibiogram method ensures the use of a "desirable" antibiotic. A less toxic antibiotic is chosen, and the possibility of developing resistance is taken into account. This ensures fast and effective drug action and wound healing, while avoiding antibiotic resistance. Their frequent and uncontrolled use leads to the development of resistance that reduces or jeopardizes the effect of treating the disease. Then the amount of antibiotics applied, which has the maximum effect under normal conditions, is not enough to inhibit bacteria. This application has led to the development of numerous resistance mechanisms, and thus to an increase in mortality and morbidity rates. Bacteria can be naturally resistant to a particular antibiotic, but they can also acquire resistance. During the treatment of infections, antibiotics do not have the ability to distinguish pathogenic bacteria that caused the infection from non-pathogenic bacteria of normal flora. Due to that, resistance of bacteria of normal flora develops. Increasing the resistance of bacteria, and insufficient development of new types of antibiotics, can lead to serious problems in the application and action of therapies. Antimicrobial resistance is the cause of severe infections, complications and increased mortality. The combined use of several measures to reduce the use of antibiotics is more effective than the use of individual measures. In order for the infections to be adequately treated, the susceptibility of the isolates to conventional antibiotics, which are most often used in the treatment of infected wounds and skin infections, was examined. The susceptibility of bacteria, tested by the antibiogram method, will be presented in this paper. The analysis is presented depending on the gram-reaction. Isolated gram-positive bacterial species are representatives of the genera Staphylococcus (S. aureus, S. epidermidis) and Enterococcus faecalis. Isolated gram-negative bacterial species are representatives of the genera Proteus (P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris), Citrobacter, Klebsiella, as well as Escherichia coli species. The degree of effect of antibiotics on the tested bacteria was determined by the antibiogram method.