TOLERANCE OF PLANTS TO HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF METALS IN THE SOIL IN ORDER TO ENSURE THE ECOLOGICAL STABILITY OF A PARTICULAR ECOSYSTEM

Authors

  • Gordana Bogdanović Academy of Applied Technical and Preschool Studies Nis, Serbia
  • Tijana Milanović Academy of Applied Technical and Preschool Studies Nis, Serbia
  • Jelena Marković Academy of Applied Technical and Preschool Studies Nis, Serbia

Keywords:

Tolerance, soil, plants, ecosystem

Abstract

Heavy metals in the soil are often found in inaccessible form. By constantly growing plants on contaminated soil, it is possible to translate them from inaccessible to accessible forms and thus reduce the content of hard-to-reach metals. Specific plant communities, endemic species and endemic flora that grow and survive on contaminated soil with heavy metals are the result of many ecological studies. The survival of a certain plant species, on such land, enables the ability to adapt and adapt to specific environmental conditions. Heavy metal tolerance mechanisms allow plants to evolve. This system, in some plants, prevents the entry of toxic metals into root cells. While, in other plants, the process is the opposite. The flow of metals from the roots to the plant is not prevented. These types of plants, called accumulators, have developed special mechanisms for detoxifying high levels of accumulated metals in root cells. Also, bioaccumulation of extremely high concentrations of metals is possible. Indicators are called the third group of plants. These types of plants show increased accumulation of metals in the soil. By growing appropriate types of plants, it is possible to reduce the content of harmful effects of heavy metals in the soil, which is a very economical method with positive results. The movement of metals through intercellular membranes is conditioned by proteins, which perform this transport function. The metal uptake mechanism is selective. Plants absorb some ions more than others, while for some they do not have a developed ability to absorb. The selectivity of ion uptake depends on the structure and properties of the membrane as a transporter. These characteristics are responsible for the recognition, binding and transfer of certain ions. There are two ways to absorb heavy metals through plants. The first way is the adoption from the soil through the roots and transport to the aboveground parts of plants (tree and leaf). Another way is to adopt them through the leaves and transport them through the roots into the soil. With the growth of plants, the content of heavy metals gradually increases in plant organs. When the amount of bioavailable heavy metals cannot be accumulated by plants, there will be no increase in plant content. In addition to the ability of plants to adapt to specific environmental conditions, an important factor is the composition and structure of the soil. From these factors can be distinguished: pH value and content of organic matter in the soil. The pH value of the soil can affect the bioavailability of the metal and the very process of metal uptake through the roots. The dynamics of microelements and heavy metals in the soil is greatly influenced by organic matter itself. Special attention is paid to finding plant species that would accumulate certain heavy metals and thus remove them from the soil. The biomass of these plants is not used for food, but is dried, burned and deposited in designated places

Author Biographies

Gordana Bogdanović, Academy of Applied Technical and Preschool Studies Nis, Serbia

Department Vranje, Serbia

Tijana Milanović, Academy of Applied Technical and Preschool Studies Nis, Serbia

Department Vranje, Serbia

Jelena Marković, Academy of Applied Technical and Preschool Studies Nis, Serbia

Department Vranje, Serbia

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Published

2022-02-18

How to Cite

Bogdanović, G., Milanović, T., & Marković, J. (2022). TOLERANCE OF PLANTS TO HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF METALS IN THE SOIL IN ORDER TO ENSURE THE ECOLOGICAL STABILITY OF A PARTICULAR ECOSYSTEM. KNOWLEDGE - International Journal , 50(3), 353–357. Retrieved from https://ikm.mk/ojs/index.php/kij/article/view/4942

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