MONITORING OF NUTRITION THERAPY AND KEY GUIDELINES REGARDING THE SPECIFICITY OF MEDICAL NUTRITION IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 AND POST-COVID SYNDROME

Authors

  • Atanas Petkov Medical University Plovdiv, Bulgaria
  • Rositsa Toncheva Medical College - Plovdiv, Bulgaria
  • Yana Kashilska Medical Center of Rehabilitation and Sport Medicine І Plovdiv Ltd., Bulgaria

Keywords:

COVID 19, nutritional therapy, enteral, parenteral nutrition

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global challenge and requires a global response. Working together, guided by the principles of solidarity and multilateral cooperation, countries around the world are discovering innovations in all areas of medical science that will have a beneficial effect on the recovery of the human body during and after the disease.
Healing nutrition is an important component during treatment and plays a key role in the recovery process after the disease itself, which often leads to a number of multiorgan consequences.
The most important issue is the timing of meals. Initiation of early enteral nutrition within 24-36 hours after admission to the intensive care unit or up to 12 hours after intubation and respiration should be the goal. In patients who are incapable of oral administration, early initiation of enteral nutrition is recommended in both the 2016 SCCM / ASPEN guidelines and the 2019 ESPEN guidelines. Meta-analyzes of randomized controlled trials conducted between 1979 and 2012 showed that early introduction of enteral nutrition in patients with intervention reduced mortality and infection compared with a control group whose diet started with a delay or did not. Assuming that patients did not suffer from nutrient deficiencies before contracting the coronavirus and that the acute phase of the disease is limited, general guidelines for nutrition in intensive care units are sufficient. Most patients with sepsis or circulatory shock tolerate the early introduction of trophic enteral nutrition. Enteral nutrition is preferred to parenteral nutrition. Infusion of the emulsion into the stomach via a 10-12 Fr nasogastric tube requires minimal experience and facilitates earlier feeding. Nutritional therapy in patients with COVID-19 should follow the basic principles of nutrition in the care of critically ill patients as recommended in Europe and North America. Specific for these patients is the need for strategies that support cluster care, reduce the frequency of interaction of the medical team with the patient, minimize contamination of additional equipment and do not require transportation outside the intensive care unit. This can be done through simple measures, such as the introduction of long-term rather than intermittent or bolus-based meals, calculating energy requirements based on weight-based equations, because direct calorimetry may not be possible by avoids the use of gastric residue levels as an indicator of intolerance to enteral nutrition and by reducing the need for endoscopic or fluoroscopic techniques to place a feeding tube

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Published

2022-02-18

How to Cite

Petkov, A., Toncheva, R., & Kashilska, Y. (2022). MONITORING OF NUTRITION THERAPY AND KEY GUIDELINES REGARDING THE SPECIFICITY OF MEDICAL NUTRITION IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 AND POST-COVID SYNDROME. KNOWLEDGE - International Journal , 50(4), 483–489. Retrieved from https://ikm.mk/ojs/index.php/kij/article/view/4955