Ca 125 IN OVARIAN CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND SCREENING
Keywords:
Sa 125, angiogenesis, VEGF, Carcinom ovarii, AvastinAbstract
Carcinom ovarii is a malignant disease of the ovarian tissue, which occurs in women over 35 years of age.
The risk factors for the occurrence of ovarian cancer are endocrine, genetic and environmental influences. The
genetic risk factors are mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes at 8- ot chromosome, or other mutations in the
genetic profile that increase the risk of ovarian cancer. Early detection of the existence of ovarian cancer increases
the degree of success in treatment.To diagnose ovarian cancer, numerous blood tests are performed, such as the
tumor marker Ca 125, then an ultrasound method, a CT scan. The final diagnosis is made by taking a biopsy sample
from the suspected lesion. However, it is known that the concentration of tumor markers in the serum they increase
much earlier than diagnosing the tumor with any screening test. The treatment of ovarian cancers is by
chemotherapy, surgically (hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy – HTA cum BSO) and radiation
therapy. Drug therapy for the treatment of Carcinom ovarii is with Avastin (Bevacizumab), which is a monoclonal
antibody that specifically binds to VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), and prevents tumor angiogenesis.The
purpose of the research is to prove the significance of determining the concentration of Ca 125 in monitoring
Carcinom ovarii and keeping it under control. This is a reliable method for detecting the presence of ovarian cancer
as a suspected diagnosis, and monitoring the effect of anticancer therapy through increase or decrease in the
concentration of Ca 125. The tests were carried out in patients aged 25-55 years with a previously established
diagnosis of Carcinom ovarii. The patients were divided into three groups: a control group of patients with a normal
level of Ca 125 in the circulation (n =35), a group of patients diagnosed with Carcinom ovarii (n=35), a group of
patients treated with therapy to reduce the level of Ca 125 in the blood (Avastin), which acts on a platinum basis
(n=35). Ca 125 is determined by an enzyme-linked, immunoabsorbent method (ELISA), based on the sandwich
principle. Microtiter wells are coated with a monoclonal (mouse) antibody directed against a unique antigenic site on
the CA 125 molecule. A portion of the patient sample containing endogenous CA 125 is incubated in the coated well
with an enzyme conjugate, which is a rabbit monoclonal anti-CA 125 antibody conjugated with peroxidase. After
incubation, the unbound conjugate is washed, and the amount of bound peroxidase, ie the intensity of staining, is
proportional to the level of CA 125 in the sample.The obtained results showed that the patients diagnosed with
Carcinom ovarii have significantly increased results for the concentration of Ca 125 compared to the patients from
the control group whose results range within normal reference values. The patients treated with therapy to reduce the
level of Ca 125 (Avastin) have evidently reduced results for the level of Ca 125. There is a visible effect of
treatment with Avastin therapy, which reduces the concentration of Ca 125 to normal values, that is, it regulates its
level in such a way that it inhibits tumor angiogenesis. By applying anticancer therapy with Avastin, removes the
negative effect of carcinogenesis. In conditions of Carcinom ovarii the concentration of Ca 125 significantly
increases compared to the control group, in the treated group of patients the level of Ca 125 significantly decreases
to values close to the control group of patients, and after the problem was determined the use of appropriate therapy
is approached.
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